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	<title>EBOLAWEB &#187; Languages &#124; EBOLAWEB</title>
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	<description>Selected papers on Ebola Virus outbreak and its Responses</description>
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		<title>Ebola et la faillite de la santé publique en Afrique</title>
		<link>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=398</link>
		<comments>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=398#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2014 11:10:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nathanael Cretin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Countries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Epidemiology & Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[French]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guinea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Liberia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peer reviewed]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics & Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sierra Leone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Society & Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ebola]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[faillite de la santé publique en Afrique]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fanny Chabrol]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mobilisation internationale]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Revue internationale et stratégique]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=398</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Publié par Fanny Chabrol, dans la Revue internationale et stratégique, 2014/4 (n° 96). Résumé L’épidémie à virus Ebola qui dévaste l’Afrique de l’Ouest révèle l’impuissance des systèmes de santé en Afrique subsaharienne. Par son ampleur et ses facteurs déclencheurs, cette catastrophe était largement prévisible et signe l’échec des politiques internationales &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Publié par <a href="http://chiasm.hypotheses.org/tag/fanny-chabrol" target="_blank">Fanny Chabrol</a>, dans la <a href="http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=RIS_096_0018" target="_blank">Revue internationale et stratégique</a>, 2014/4 (n° 96).</p>
<p><a href="http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=RIS_096_0018"><img class="size-full wp-image-934 alignright" src="http://chiasm.hypotheses.org/files/2014/12/RIS_096_L204.jpg" alt="RIS_096_L204" width="204" height="292" /></a></p>
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<p><strong>Résumé</strong></p>
<p>L’épidémie à virus Ebola qui dévaste l’Afrique de l’Ouest révèle l’impuissance des systèmes de santé en Afrique subsaharienne. Par son ampleur et ses facteurs déclencheurs, cette catastrophe était largement prévisible et signe l’échec des politiques internationales de ces dernières décennies pour améliorer la santé en Afrique (« santé globale »). La mobilisation internationale croissante, culminant avec la mise en place d’une force de l’ONU et le déploiement de soldats américains, devra éviter l’écueil du tout sécuritaire et formuler une forme de solidarité et d’unité face au virus, au risque d’un isolement du continent africain.</p>
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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p>
<p>The unprecedented Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa reveals fragile health care systems. If one considers its seriousness and its roots, the epidemic was largely predictable and enacts the failure of international policies of the last decades known as “global health”. Now that international mobilization seems to be at its height with a United Nations mission and US soldiers to be deployed, the intervention would need to avoid an exclusive security orientation. The imperative of a form of solidarity and unity in the face of the virus is imperative in order to prevent further isolation of the African continent.</p>
<h6>Site internet</h6>
<p><a href="http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=RIS_096_0018" target="_blank">http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=RIS_096_0018</a></p>
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<h6>Référence</h6>
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<h6>Chabrol, Fanny. “Ebola et la faillite de la santé publique en Afrique.” <i>Revue internationale et stratégique</i> 96, no. 4 (November 17, 2014): 18–27. doi:10.3917/ris.096.0018.</h6>
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		<item>
		<title>Urgent : Poste à pourvoir</title>
		<link>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=396</link>
		<comments>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=396#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Dec 2014 17:30:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nathanael Cretin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[French]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guinea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Society & Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Coordonnateur terrain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[épidémie Ebola]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[essai clinique JIKI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Inserm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[postdoc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[recherche anthropologique]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=396</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Coordonnateur terrain, postdoc, recherche anthropologique sur l’épidémie d&#8217;Ebola dans le cadre de l’essai clinique JIKI mené par l&#8217;INSERM. Le projet JIKI est un essai thérapeutique portant sur un antiviral (le Favipiravir) pour les patients souffrant de la maladie du virus d’Ébola. Ce projet comporte un volet socio-anthropologique qui vise à &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Coordonnateur terrain, postdoc, recherche anthropologique sur l’épidémie d&#8217;Ebola dans le cadre de l’essai clinique JIKI mené par l&#8217;INSERM.</p>
<p>Le projet JIKI est un essai thérapeutique portant sur un antiviral (le Favipiravir) pour les patients souffrant de la maladie du virus d’Ébola. Ce projet comporte un volet socio-anthropologique qui vise à identifier et prendre en compte les dimensions historiques, sociales et culturelles de l’épidémie dans l’optique d’assurer l’acceptabilité et l’adhésion à cet essai dans les meilleures conditions possibles.</p>
<p>Ce volet anthropologique est assuré par Vinh Kim Nguyen, Sylvain Faye, Frédéric Le Marcis.</p>
<p>Les missions spécifiques de ce volet sont de:</p>
<p>&#8211; assurer l’acceptabilité de l’essai</p>
<p>&#8211; conduire une vulgarisation scientifique pour permettre une meilleure compréhension des enjeux scientifiques et éclairer davantage le processus de consentement</p>
<p>&#8211; identifier et suivre les rumeurs et représentations populaires de l’épidémie et de sa réponse pour mieux cibler les messages</p>
<p>&#8211; appuyer les soignants notamment en donnant voix à leurs soucis et en identifiant des pistes de solution</p>
<p>&#8211; travailler avec les « guéris » pour apprendre de leurs expériences</p>
<p>&#8211; identifier le passif, et les leçons, historiques</p>
<p>&#8211; conduire une réflexion sur la « science » en situation d’urgence humanitaire, pour en tirer des leçons pour l’avenir.</p>
<p>La mission du chercheur en postdoctorat consistera en un travail de proximité, de mobilisation et de médiation communautaire, en une ethnographie de la vie quotidienne dans et autour de l’essai (y compris auprès des communautés touchées), et enfin en une recherche visant à retracer la généalogie historique des thèmes identifiés.</p>
<p>Les problématiques anthropologiques à traiter comprennent :</p>
<p>&#8211;       les logiques socioculturelles de l’altérité, des frontières et de la migration</p>
<p>&#8211;       stigmatisation, structure sociale, et pouvoir</p>
<p>&#8211;       soin (« care »), parenté, et la construction sociale de l’intimité</p>
<p>&#8211;       le deuil et le rôle des agents spirituels dans l’ordre social</p>
<p>&#8211;       triage, souveraineté, et rayonnement de l’État</p>
<p>&#8211;       le transfert de substances corporelles</p>
<p>&#8211;       don, dette, et la possibilité (ou non) de réciprocité</p>
<p>&#8211;       sorcellerie, substance, et matérialité</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Nous cherchons pour ce projet un coordonnateur, niveau postdoctoral, qui sera affecté en Guinée pour 6 mois, idéalement à partir du 1er janvier 2015. Il rendra compte de ses activités à un comité scientifique composé des investigateurs principaux du volet anthropologique de l’essai (S. Faye, F. Le Marcis, V.K. Nguyen).</p>
<p>Le salaire net est d’environ 2200 euros, la durée du postdoctorat est d’un an. Il est administrativement rattaché à l’ENS de Lyon (Triangle, UMR 5206).</p>
<p>Pour tout renseignement écrire simultanément à :</p>
<p><a href="mailto:fayesylvain@yahoo.fr" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" shape="rect">fayesylvain@yahoo.fr</a> / <a href="mailto:frederic.lemarcis@ens-lyon.fr" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" shape="rect">frederic.lemarcis@ens-lyon.fr</a> / <a href="mailto:vinhkim.nguyen@gmail.com" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" shape="rect">vinhkim.nguyen@gmail.com</a></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Ses missions spécifiques comprennent :</p>
<p>&#8211;       la supervision et l’encadrement d’une équipe multisituée de doctorants et d’étudiants en Maîtrise pour appuyer leur travail de terrain</p>
<p>&#8211;       La coordination des missions des différents membres de l’équipe et des relations entre les anthropologues et l’équipe médicale de l’essai</p>
<p>&#8211;       La contribution à l’analyse et à la valorisation des données avec les équipes et les communautés</p>
<p>&#8211;       La participation à l’écriture de textes scientifiques (co-auteur) en anglais idéalement</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Profil :</p>
<p>&#8211;       Docteur en Anthropologie ou éventuellement professionnel de la santé avec un niveau Master en anthropologie</p>
<p>&#8211;       expérience de terrain en Afrique idéalement en Guinée</p>
<p>&#8211;       expérience de coordination de recherche</p>
<p>&#8211;       dynamique, autonome, passion pour le travail en équipe</p>
<p>&#8211;       intérêt pour les défis de ce type de terrain</p>
<p>&#8211;       capacité de théorisation à partir des données du terrain</p>
<p>&#8211;       maîtrise de l’anglais un atout</p>
<p><a href="http://chiasm.hypotheses.org/files/2014/12/Poste-au0300-pourvoir-Jiki-Anthropo.docx">Poste a pourvoir Jiki Anthropo.doc</a></p>
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		<title>Appel à contributions pour un numéro spécial « Autour du virus Ebola »</title>
		<link>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=394</link>
		<comments>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=394#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Dec 2014 15:44:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nathanael Cretin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Biology/Virology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Biomedicine/Clinical]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Epidemiology & Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[French]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guinea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Liberia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nigeria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peer reviewed]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics & Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RDC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Senegal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sierra Leone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Society & Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Spain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anne Marie Moulin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anthropologie et Santé]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ebola]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[épidémie]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prévention]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=394</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[La revue Anthropologie et Santé lance un appel à contribution en vue d&#8217;un numéro spécial &#8220;Autour du virus Ebola&#8221;, coordonné par Anne Marie Moulin. Texte de l&#8217;appel Le virus de la fièvre hémorragique Ebola a concerné d’abord l’Afrique de l’Ouest et l’Afrique centrale, où des anthropologues escortent d’ores et déjà &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>La revue Anthropologie et Santé lance un appel à contribution en vue d&#8217;un numéro spécial &#8220;Autour du virus Ebola&#8221;, coordonné par Anne Marie Moulin.</p>
<p><a href="http://amades.hypotheses.org/5041" target="_blank"><img class="aligncenter wp-image-909 size-full" src="http://chiasm.hypotheses.org/files/2014/12/BandeauAS.png" alt="" width="896" height="146" /></a></p>
<h4>Texte de l&#8217;appel</h4>
<p>Le virus de la fièvre hémorragique Ebola a concerné d’abord l’Afrique de l’Ouest et l’Afrique centrale, où des anthropologues escortent d’ores et déjà les équipes sur le terrain. Mais la menace de la diffusion de l’épidémie a suscité une alerte à l’échelon mondial, qui relève également de l’observation anthropologique. Si le matériau anthropologique sur l’épidémie de 2014 est encore restreint, les études sur les épidémies précédentes, restées locales, ont montré que les mesures prises pour isoler les malades et empêcher la contagion doivent être élaborées et mûrement pesées, pour éviter, en ignorant le contexte, d’aggraver le désordre social lié au phénomène épidémique, si bien décrit par Thucydide au moment de la « peste » d’Athènes (IVe siècle av J-C).</p>
<p>À des investigations ethnographiques des épidémies d’Ebola, depuis la première en date de 1996 au Zaïre, le numéro spécial souhaite associer des contributions inspirées par l’anthropologie historique, s’appuyant sur des comparaisons et renouvelant la typologie des comportements individuels et collectifs face aux épidémies.</p>
<p>Il existe une très abondante littérature, romanesque et scientifique, sur les épidémies, notamment sur les grandes pandémies de peste et de choléra. L’ensemble de mesures récemment prises par les autorités nationales et internationales présente des analogies évidentes avec les dispositifs adoptés, du Moyen Age à nos jours, face à la contagion : isolement des malades, délimitation et destruction des foyers, contrôle de la circulation des personnes et des marchandises etc. Pour circonscrire le contenu du numéro et mettre en lumière l’originalité du phénomène Ebola, l’équipe éditrice d’<i>Anthropologie &amp; Santé</i> propose de centrer les études sur les aspects suivants :</p>
<p>&#8211; l’analyse du puzzle scientifique de l’épidémie d’Ebola a mis en évidence en 1996 un virus inconnu jusque-là et pour cette raison appelé émergent, mais les connaissances épidémiologiques restent à certains égards lacunaires ;</p>
<p>&#8211; les mesures sécuritaires prises doivent tenir compte de ces lacunes. Elles doivent donc suivre le principe de précaution tout en s’adaptant à l’évolution rapide des connaissances biomédicales. Elles doivent également s’inspirer des principes éthiques qui ont établi des normes fondées sur le respect de l’autonomie des personnes. Comment concilier ces différents impératifs ? Quel est l’apport de l’anthropologie sur ce sujet?</p>
<p>&#8211; l&#8217;épidémie d&#8217;Ebola et les mesures de prévention contre la contagion ont entraîné, dans la population, des réactions telles que la panique ou la méfiance à l’égard du discours médical sur la maladie, phénomènes sociaux renforcés par le traitement de l&#8217;épidémie dans l&#8217;espace public.</p>
<p>&#8211; le progrès des connaissances biologiques (diagnostic précoce et rapide) épidémiologiques (voies de transmission du virus et moyens de prévention) et thérapeutiques (sérums, vaccins, antibiotiques) devrait permettre une gestion de la crise sanitaire. Cependant, l’épidémie d’Ebola risque, comme le Sida avant elle, de révéler la fragilité croissante des systèmes de santé, en Afrique et hors d’Afrique, l’impréparation des personnels de santé en première ligne devant le risque épidémique collectif et personnel, et l’inadéquation des relais d’information auprès des différents publics. Cette épidémie révèle, de surcroît, des différences notables entre les pays, entre les niveaux de connaissance des maladies épidémiques et de compréhension des moyens préventifs à mettre en œuvre, facilitant déni, agressivité, dénonciation de l’étranger toujours tenu pour responsable du désordre, quelle que soit sa définition.</p>
<p>Pour traiter ces différentes questions, la revue<i> Anthropologie &amp; Santé </i>attend principalement des contributions anthropologiques, mais elle reste également ouverte à d&#8217;autres disciplines, dans la mesure où l&#8217;épidémie d&#8217;Ebola interpelle également les historiens de la biomédecine, les politologues et les éthiciens, ou encore les spécialistes de l’information et de la communication. Elle leur  impose en effet de repenser le partage des responsabilités et de la prise des décisions à tous les niveaux, et les conditions à remplir pour un maintien de la solidarité entre les citoyens et de la confiance placée dans les professionnels de santé.</p>
<p>Tenant compte de la dimension historique du phénomène épidémique et de ses composantes psychosociales, mais prenant aussi toute la mesure de l’originalité du phénomène Ebola d’hier à aujourd’hui, le numéro spécial d’<i>Anthropologie &amp; Santé</i> se positionne résolument, et conformément à la vocation de la revue dans une perspective anthropologique pluridimensionnelle, en particulier historique et politique, indispensable pour les élaborations théoriques comme pour la conduite de la lutte contre la maladie sur le terrain.</p>
<p>Les contributions peuvent prendre la forme d&#8217;articles ethnographiques descriptifs, d&#8217;analyses préliminaires ou abouties, adopter une perspective historique ou comparative… Elles peuvent être accompagnées de documents graphiques, photographiques ou vidéos.</p>
<h4>Calendrier</h4>
<p>Les propositions (titre et résumé ne dépassant pas 1000 signes) sont à adresser par courriel à <i>Anthropologie &amp; Santé</i> (revue) <a href="mailto:redaction@anthropologie-sante.net">redaction@anthropologie-sante.net</a>, avant le 15 janvier 2015. Les articles devront être envoyés avant le 1<sup>er </sup> juin 2015, afin que le numéro puisse paraître en décembre 2015.</p>
<h6>Source</h6>
<h6><a href="http://amades.hypotheses.org/5041" target="_blank">http://amades.hypotheses.org/5041</a></h6>
<h6>Appel à contribution au format PDF</h6>
<h6><a href="http://f-origin.hypotheses.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/11/files/2014/11/AAC-AS-Ebola.pdf" target="_blank">http://f-origin.hypotheses.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/11/files/2014/11/AAC-AS-Ebola.pdf</a></h6>
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		<title>Caring as existential insecurity: quarantine, care, and human insecurity in the Ebola crisis</title>
		<link>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=388</link>
		<comments>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=388#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Nov 2014 10:57:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nathanael Cretin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Epidemiology & Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Liberia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peer reviewed]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Society & Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bricolage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Fatu Kekula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[improvised personal protective equipment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nursing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[René Umlauf]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Somatosphere]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sung-Joon Park]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[trash bag method]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=388</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Published by Sung-Joon Park and René Umlauf, in Somatosphere&#8217;s Ebola fieldnotes, November 24, 2014. &#160; In August of this year, when the Ebola outbreak escalated in Liberia and a state of emergency had been declared for the country, Fatu Kekula, a young Liberian nursing student, improvised personal protective equipment (PPE) &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div>Published by <a title="Posts by Sung-Joon Park" href="http://somatosphere.net/author/sung-joon-park" rel="author">Sung-Joon Park</a> and <a title="Posts by René Umlauf" href="http://somatosphere.net/author/rene-umlauf" rel="author">René Umlauf</a>, in Somatosphere&#8217;s Ebola fieldnotes, November 24, 2014.</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<blockquote><p>In August of this year, when the Ebola outbreak escalated in Liberia and a state of emergency had been declared for the country, Fatu Kekula, a young Liberian nursing student, improvised personal protective equipment (PPE) to care for her father, mother, sister, and cousin. After three of the relatives survived, <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/25/health/ebola-fatu-family/">her method was featured prominently</a> in the international news media as the “trash bag method” (<a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/25/health/ebola-fatu-family/">CNN, 2014</a>). The reports were meant to ignite a spark of hope in the Ebola epidemic in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. International organizations, like UNICEF, even started to promote this ‘better-than-nothing’ method. In most other Ebola reports, by contrast, health workers in white or yellow PPEs, collecting dead bodies or admitting sick patients to isolation units, have come to symbolize the grim and desperate situation in the region. What strikes us most in the story of Kekula’s improvised PPE is how notions of security and safety are reinscribed into gloves, trash bags, and rubber boots to enable a form of care in the context of a broken health system. When we recall that during the first months of the epidemic many people were caring for their sick relatives without any protection measures, then Kekula’s trash bag method reveals quite dramatically how care itself has become a source of existential insecurity.</p>
<p>In this piece we pull together a set of observations on quarantine measures and care to ask how security is embodied in everyday practices of care in a public health system which is short of the beds and basic equipment needed to address Ebola. To follow this question, it is necessary to ask how global health has transformed the intricate relationship between security and care, turning care into a source of existential insecurity. Moreover, are there alternative views on security and care which may help to orient global health approaches to the Ebola epidemic?</p></blockquote>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<h6>Read the full article</h6>
<h6><a href="http://somatosphere.net/2014/11/caring-as-existential-insecurity.html" target="_blank">http://somatosphere.net/2014/11/caring-as-existential-insecurity.html</a></h6>
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		<title>Experimental therapies: growing interest in the use of whole blood or plasma from recovered Ebola patients (convalescent therapies)</title>
		<link>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=385</link>
		<comments>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=385#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Nov 2014 12:10:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nathanael Cretin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Biology/Virology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Biomedicine/Clinical]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Epidemiology & Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guinea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Liberia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nigeria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peer reviewed]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RDC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sierra Leone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blood transfusion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[health authorities]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[interest in convalescent therapies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[plasma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vaccines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WHO]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ZMapp]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=385</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Published on who.int, 26 September 2014 The current evidence base: limited data – from 1976 up to now Convalescent therapy was first used for a young woman infected with Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo (then Zaire) in 1976 – the year the virus first emerged. The woman was &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Published on who.int, 26 September 2014</p>
<blockquote>
<h3 class="section_head1">The current evidence base: limited data – from 1976 up to now</h3>
<p>Convalescent therapy was first used for a young woman infected with Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo (then Zaire) in 1976 – the year the virus first emerged. The woman was treated with plasma from a person who survived infection with the closely-related Marburg virus. She had less clinical bleeding than other Ebola patients, but died within days.</p>
<p>During the 1995 Ebola outbreak in Kikwit, Democratic Republic of Congo, whole blood collected from recovered patients was administered to eight patients. Seven of the eight recovered.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p></blockquote>
<h3 class="section_head1">Technical guidance for experts</h3>
<div class="image_left"><img src="http://www.who.int/entity/csr/resources/publications/ebola/convalescent-treatment-cover.png" alt="" width="130" height="168" /></div>
<p><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/csr/resources/publications/ebola/convalescent-treatment/en/index.html">Guidance document: Use of convalescent whole blood or plasma collected from patients recovered from Ebola virus disease</a></p>
<p>WHO issued new interim guidance on &#8220;Use of convalescent whole blood or plasma collected from patients recovered from Ebola virus disease for transfusion during outbreaks&#8221;. The document is addressed to national health authorities and blood transfusion services.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h6>Read the full article</h6>
<h6><a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/26-september-2014/en/" target="_blank">http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/ebola/26-september-2014/en/</a></h6>
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		<title>Ebola vaccines, therapies, and diagnostics &#8211; WHO update</title>
		<link>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=381</link>
		<comments>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=381#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 18 Nov 2014 11:58:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nathanael Cretin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Biology/Virology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Biomedicine/Clinical]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Epidemiology & Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Guinea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Liberia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nigeria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peer reviewed]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Politics & Economy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RDC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Senegal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sierra Leone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Society & Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Convalescent blood and plasma therapies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ebola vaccines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ethics working group]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[medical devices and protective equipment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[medicines and other health technologies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Potential vaccines]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[therapies and diagnostics Q&A]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WHO]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=381</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Convalescent blood and plasma therapies Experimental therapies: growing interest in the use of whole blood or plasma from recovered Ebola patients (convalescent therapies) 26 September 2014 WHO interim guidelines on use of convalescent whole blood and convalescent plasma 10 September 2014 Potential vaccines, medicines and other health technologies WHO Meeting &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="teaser">
<h4>Convalescent blood and plasma therapies</h4>
</div>
<ul class="list_dash">
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/mediacentre/news/ebola/26-september-2014/en/index.html">Experimental therapies: growing interest in the use of whole blood or plasma from recovered Ebola patients (convalescent therapies)</a><br />
<span class="link_info">26 September 2014</span></li>
<li><a class="" href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/135591/1/WHO_HIS_SDS_2014.8_eng.pdf?ua=1">WHO interim guidelines on use of convalescent whole blood and convalescent plasma</a><br />
<span class="link_info">10 September 2014</span></li>
</ul>
<h4 class="section_head2">Potential vaccines, medicines and other health technologies</h4>
<ul class="list_dash">
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/medicines/ebola-treatment/scientific_tech_meeting/en/index.html">WHO Meeting of the Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee on Ebola Experimental Interventions</a><br />
<span class="link_info">13 November 2014- Briefing note</span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/medicines/news/AFR_reg_meet/en/index.html">African regulators’ meeting looking to expedite approval of vaccines and therapies for Ebola </a><br />
<span class="link_info">3 &#8211; 7 November, Pretoria, South Africa</span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/ebola-vaccines-production/en/index.html">WHO convenes industry leaders and key partners to discuss trials and production of Ebola vaccine</a><br />
<span class="link_info">24 October 2014. News release</span></li>
<li><a class="link_media" href="http://www.who.int/entity/diagnostics_laboratory/141002_revised_invitation_to_mx_of_ebola_virus_diagnostics.pdf?ua=1">Invitation to manufacturers of in vitro diagnostics for Ebola<br />
<span class="link_info">pdf, 169kb</span></a><br />
<span class="link_info">Revised version issued 2 October 2014</span></li>
<li><a class="link_media" href="http://www.who.int/entity/medicines/publications/target-product-profile.pdf?ua=1">Target product profile for Zaïre ebolavirus: rapid, simple test to be used in the control of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa<br />
<span class="link_info">pdf, 162kb</span></a><br />
<span class="link_info">3 October 2014</span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/mediacentre/news/ebola/01-october-2014/en/index.html">Experimental Ebola vaccines</a><br />
<span class="link_info">Ebola situation assessment &#8211; 1 October 2014</span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/immunization/diseases/ebola/WHO_consultation_ebola_sep2014/en/index.html">WHO consultation on Ebola vaccines</a><br />
<span class="link_info">29-30 September 2014, Geneva, Switzerland</span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/csr/resources/publications/ebola/ebola-therapies/en/index.html">WHO Consultation on potential Ebola therapies and vaccines</a><br />
<span class="link_info">Meeting summary from 4-5 September Meeting</span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/mediacentre/events/meetings/2014/ebola-interventions/en/index.html">Consultation on potential Ebola therapies and vaccines</a><br />
<span class="link_info">4-5 September 2014</span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/csr/resources/publications/ebola/ethical-considerations/en/index.html">Ethical considerations for use of unregistered interventions for Ebola virus disease</a><br />
<span class="link_info">Report of an advisory panel to WHO, 17 August 2014</span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/csr/disease/ebola/ethics-panel-discussion/en/index.html">Panel discussion on ethical considerations for use of unregistered interventions for Ebola virus disease</a><br />
<span class="link_info">8 August 2014</span></li>
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/mediacentre/news/statements/2014/ethical-review-ebola/en/index.html">WHO to convene ethical review of experimental treatment for Ebola</a><br />
<span class="link_info">6 August 2014</span></li>
</ul>
<h4 class="section_head2">Medicines, medical devices and protective equipment</h4>
<ul class="list_dash">
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/medical_devices/meddev_ebola/en/index.html">Medical devices and protective equipment</a></li>
<li><a class="link_media" href="http://www.who.int/entity/medicines/areas/medicines_list_ebola_07nov.pdf?ua=1">List of essential supportive medicines for Ebola<br />
<span class="link_info">pdf, 61kb</span></a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/medicines/areas/donations/en/index.html">Donation guidelines</a></li>
</ul>
<h4 class="section_head2">Ethics working group on Ebola</h4>
<ul class="list_dash">
<li><a href="http://www.who.int/entity/medicines/wg_ethics_ebola_interventions/en/index.html">Meeting of the Ethics Working Group on Ebola Interventions</a><br />
<span class="link_info">20 – 21 October 2014, Geneva, Switzerland</span></li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h6>Source</h6>
<h6><a href="http://www.who.int/medicines/emp_ebola_section/en/" target="_blank">http://www.who.int/medicines/emp_ebola_section/en/</a></h6>
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		<title>Social Pathways for Ebola Virus Disease in Rural Sierra Leone, and some Implications for Containment</title>
		<link>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=374</link>
		<comments>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=374#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2014 16:40:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nathanael Cretin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peer reviewed]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sierra Leone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Society & Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Beyond zoonosis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[high-risk factor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[human-to-human contact]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social factors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[social life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[social pathways]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Widespread Transmission]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=374</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Published by PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, October 31, 2014 &#160; Abstract The current outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in Upper West Africa is the largest ever recorded.  Molecular evidence suggests spread has been almost exclusively through human-to-human contact.  Social factors are thus clearly important to understand the epidemic and ways &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Published by<span class="meta-prep-author meta-prep"> <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" title="View all posts by PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases" href="http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/author/pntds/">PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases</a></span>, <span class="entry-date">October 31, 2014</span></span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p>
<p>The current outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease in Upper West Africa is the largest ever recorded.  Molecular evidence suggests spread has been almost exclusively through human-to-human contact.  Social factors are thus clearly important to understand the epidemic and ways in which it might be stopped, but these factors have so far been little analyzed.  The present paper focuses on Sierra Leone, and provides data on the least understood part of the epidemic – the largely undocumented spread of Ebola in rural areas.  Various forms of social networking in rural communities and their relevance for understanding pathways of transmission are described.  Particular attention is paid to the relationship between marriage, funerals and land tenure.  Funerals are known to be a high-risk factor for infection.  It is suggested that more than a shift in awareness of risks will be needed to change local patterns of behavior, especially in regard to funerals, since these are central to the consolidation of community ties.  A concluding discussion relates the information presented to plans for halting the disease.  Local consultation and access are seen as major challenges to be addressed.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Reference</strong></p>
<div class="csl-bib-body">
<div class="csl-entry">Alexander, K. A., C. E. Sanderson, M. Marathe, B. L. Lewis, C. M. Rivers, J. Shaman, J. M. Drake, et al. “What Factors Might Have Led to the Emergence of Ebola in West Africa?,” 2014. <a href="http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/files/2014/11/Alexander-et-al.pdf" target="_blank">http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/files/2014/11/Alexander-et-al.pdf</a>.</div>
<p class="csl-entry">
<p class="csl-entry">
<p class="csl-entry">
<h6 class="csl-entry">Read the full article</h6>
<h6 class="csl-entry"><a href="http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/2014/10/31/social-pathways-ebola-virus-disease-rural-sierra-leone-implications-containment/" target="_blank">http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/2014/10/31/social-pathways-ebola-virus-disease-rural-sierra-leone-implications-containment/</a></h6>
<p class="csl-entry">
<p class="csl-entry">
<h6 class="csl-entry">PDF file</h6>
<h6 class="csl-entry"><a href="http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/files/2014/11/Alexander-et-al.pdf" target="_blank">http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/files/2014/11/Alexander-et-al.pdf</a></h6>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<title>What Factors Might Have Led to the Emergence of Ebola in West Africa?</title>
		<link>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=369</link>
		<comments>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=369#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2014 16:31:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nathanael Cretin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[English]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Guinea]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Senegal]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Society & Culture]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[early warning systems]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[emerging disease]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[public health policy]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[West Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[zoonotic]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=369</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[By PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, November 11, 2014 &#160; Abstract An Ebola outbreak of unprecedented scope emerged in West Africa in December 2013 and presently continues unabated in the countries of Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. Ebola is not new to Africa and outbreaks have been confirmed as far back &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div id="main">By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" title="View all posts by PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases" href="http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/author/pntds/">PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases</a></span><span class="meta-prep-author meta-prep">, <span class="entry-date">November 11, 2014</span></span></div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div><strong>Abstract</strong></div>
<div>An Ebola outbreak of unprecedented scope emerged in West Africa in December 2013 and presently continues unabated in the countries of Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. Ebola is not new to Africa and outbreaks have been confirmed as far back as 1976. The current West African Ebola outbreak is the largest ever recorded and differs dramatically from prior outbreaks in its duration, number of people affected, and geographic extent. The emergence of this deadly disease in West Africa invites many questions, foremost among these: Why now and why in West Africa? Here, we review the sociological, ecological, and environmental drivers that might have influenced the emergence of Ebola in this region of Africa and its spread throughout the region. Containment of the West African Ebola outbreak is the most pressing, immediate need. A comprehensive assessment of the drivers of Ebola emergence and sustained human-to-human transmission is also needed in order to prepare other countries for importation or emergence of this disease.  Such assessment includes identification of country-level protocols and interagency policies for outbreak detection and rapid response, increased understanding of cultural and traditional risk factors within and between nations, delivery of culturally embedded public health education, and regional coordination and collaboration, particularly with governments and health ministries throughout Africa. Public health education is also urgently needed in countries outside of Africa in order to ensure that risk is properly understood and public concerns do not escalate unnecessarily. To prevent future outbreaks, coordinated, multiscale, early warning systems should be developed that make full use of these integrated assessments, partner with local communities in high-risk areas, and provide clearly defined response recommendations specific to the needs of each community.</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<div><strong>Reference</strong></div>
<div>
<div class="csl-bib-body">
<div class="csl-entry">Alexander, K. A., C. E. Sanderson, M. Marathe, B. L. Lewis, C. M. Rivers, J. Shaman, J. M. Drake, et al. “What Factors Might Have Led to the Emergence of Ebola in West Africa?,” 2014. <a href="http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/files/2014/11/Alexander-et-al.pdf" target="_blank">http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/files/2014/11/Alexander-et-al.pdf</a>.</div>
<div class="csl-entry"></div>
<p class="csl-entry">
<h6 class="csl-entry">Read the full article</h6>
<p class="csl-entry"><a href="http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/2014/11/11/factors-might-led-emergence-ebola-west-africa/" target="_blank">http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/2014/11/11/factors-might-led-emergence-ebola-west-africa/</a></p>
<p class="csl-entry">
<div class="csl-entry"><strong>PDF file</strong></div>
<div class="csl-entry"><strong><a href="http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/files/2014/11/Alexanderetal.pdf" target="_blank">http://blogs.plos.org/speakingofmedicine/files/2014/11/Alexanderetal.pdf</a></strong></div>
</div>
</div>
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		<title>I Got Ebola and Survived &#8211; A survivor describes his bout with Ebola</title>
		<link>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=366</link>
		<comments>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=366#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2014 14:37:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nathanael Cretin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Epidemiology & Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[French]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Investigative journalism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Liberia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ashoka Mukpo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Doctors Without Borders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[experience]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monrovia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reporter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wall Street Journal]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=366</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Published in The Wall Street Journal, November 13, 2014, by Ashoka Mukpo My own battle with Ebola began with a slight body ache on Oct. 1. For weeks, any small pain had made me uneasy, but I had chosen to trust the precautions that I was taking. I wore gloves &#8230;]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Published in The Wall Street Journal, November 13, 2014, by Ashoka Mukpo</p>
<blockquote><p>My own battle with Ebola began with a slight body ache on Oct. 1. For weeks, any small pain had made me uneasy, but I had chosen to trust the precautions that I was taking. I wore gloves and knee-high rubber boots and regularly sprayed them with chlorinated water, and I checked my temperature twice a day.</p>
<p>One night, I felt an unusual ache and stopped at my apartment for a quick check: I watched the thermometer tick upward and eventually stop at 101.3. With no other discernible symptoms, I knew that the most likely explanation for a fever that high was Ebola. Fear enveloped me.</p></blockquote>
<h6></h6>
<h6>Read the full article</h6>
<h6><a href="http://online.wsj.com/articles/i-got-ebola-and-survived-1415894355" target="_blank">http://online.wsj.com/articles/i-got-ebola-and-survived-1415894355</a></h6>
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		<title>Tracking Ebola with CrisisNET and the Ushahidi Platform</title>
		<link>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=363</link>
		<comments>http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=363#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Nov 2014 14:27:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Nathanael Cretin]]></dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[English]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Epidemiology & Public Health]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.ebolaweb.org/?p=363</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Ebola epidemic has finally captured international attention. Coverage of Ebola was minimal when the disease was confined to West Africa, but a small number of recent cases in the US and Europe have sparked frantic, hysterical reporting from western media outlets and subsequent public panic. In light of this, &#8230;]]></description>
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<blockquote><p>The Ebola epidemic has finally captured international attention. Coverage of Ebola was minimal when the disease was confined to West Africa, but a small number of recent cases in the US and Europe have sparked frantic, hysterical reporting from western media outlets and subsequent public panic. In light of this, it’s important to keep the threat in perspective. For example, the above chart shows the number of confirmed and suspected cases in every country touched by the virus.</p>
<p>This World Health Organization data, provided by the Humanitarian Data Exchange and visualized using analysis tools we’re developing at <a href="http://crisis.net/">CrisisNET</a>, confirms statements by the Centers for Disease Control reassuring people in the US and Europe that their chances of contracting Ebola are vanishingly small (in fact, to date all known cases outside of West Africa have been health workers directly involved in treating Ebola patients).<br />
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<h6>Read the full article</h6>
<h6><a href="http://reliefweb.int/report/liberia/tracking-ebola-crisisnet-and-ushahidi-platform" target="_blank">http://reliefweb.int/report/liberia/tracking-ebola-crisisnet-and-ushahidi-platform</a></h6>
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<h6>PDF Presentation</h6>
<h6><a href="http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Tracking%20Ebola%20with%20CrisisNET%20and%20the%20Ushahidi%20Platform%20-%20Ushahidi%20-%20Ushahidi.pdf" target="_blank">http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Tracking%20Ebola%20with%20CrisisNET%20and%20the%20Ushahidi%20Platform%20-%20Ushahidi%20-%20Ushahidi.pdf</a></h6>
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<h6>Website</h6>
<h6><a href="http://crisis.net/" target="_blank">http://crisis.net/</a></h6>
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